/*!
 * Defines mw.loader, the infrastructure for loading ResourceLoader
 * modules.
 *
 * This file is appended directly to the code in startup/mediawiki.js
 */
/* global $VARS, $CODE, mw */

( function () {
	'use strict';

	var store,
		hasOwn = Object.hasOwnProperty;

	/**
	 * Client for ResourceLoader server end point.
	 *
	 * This client is in charge of maintaining the module registry and state
	 * machine, initiating network (batch) requests for loading modules, as
	 * well as dependency resolution and execution of source code.
	 *
	 * @see <https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/ResourceLoader/Features>
	 * @namespace mw.loader
	 */

	/**
	 * FNV132 hash function
	 *
	 * This function implements the 32-bit version of FNV-1.
	 * It is equivalent to hash( 'fnv132', ... ) in PHP, except
	 * its output is base 36 rather than hex.
	 * See <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fowler–Noll–Vo_hash_function>
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {string} str String to hash
	 * @return {string} hash as a five-character base 36 string
	 */
	function fnv132( str ) {
		var hash = 0x811C9DC5;

		/* eslint-disable no-bitwise */
		for ( var i = 0; i < str.length; i++ ) {
			hash += ( hash << 1 ) + ( hash << 4 ) + ( hash << 7 ) + ( hash << 8 ) + ( hash << 24 );
			hash ^= str.charCodeAt( i );
		}

		hash = ( hash >>> 0 ).toString( 36 ).slice( 0, 5 );
		/* eslint-enable no-bitwise */

		while ( hash.length < 5 ) {
			hash = '0' + hash;
		}
		return hash;
	}

	/**
	 * Fired via mw.track on various resource loading errors.
	 *
	 * eslint-disable jsdoc/valid-types
	 *
	 * @event ~'resourceloader.exception'
	 * @ignore
	 * @param {Error|Mixed} e The error that was thrown. Almost always an Error
	 *   object, but in theory module code could manually throw something else, and that
	 *   might also end up here.
	 * @param {string} [module] Name of the module which caused the error. Omitted if the
	 *   error is not module-related or the module cannot be easily identified due to
	 *   batched handling.
	 * @param {string} source Source of the error. Possible values:
	 *
	 *   - load-callback: exception thrown by user callback
	 *   - module-execute: exception thrown by module code
	 *   - resolve: failed to sort dependencies for a module in mw.loader.load
	 *   - store-eval: could not evaluate module code cached in localStorage
	 *   - store-localstorage-json: JSON conversion error in mw.loader.store
	 *   - store-localstorage-update: localStorage conversion error in mw.loader.store.
	 */

	/**
	 * Mapping of registered modules.
	 *
	 * See #implement and #execute for exact details on support for script, style and messages.
	 *
	 * @example // Format:
	 * {
	 *     'moduleName': {
	 *         // From mw.loader.register()
	 *         'version': '#####' (five-character hash)
	 *         'dependencies': ['required.foo', 'bar.also', ...]
	 *         'group': string, integer, (or) null
	 *         'source': 'local', (or) 'anotherwiki'
	 *         'skip': 'return !!window.Example;', (or) null, (or) boolean result of skip
	 *         'module': export Object
	 *
	 *         // Set by execute() or mw.loader.state()
	 *         // See mw.loader.getState() for documentation of the state machine
	 *         'state': 'registered', 'loading', 'loaded', 'executing', 'ready', 'error', or 'missing'
	 *
	 *         // Optionally added at run-time by mw.loader.impl()
	 *         'script': closure, array of urls, or string
	 *         'style': { ... } (see #execute)
	 *         'messages': { 'key': 'value', ... }
	 *     }
	 * }
	 *
	 * @property {Object}
	 * @private
	 */
	var registry = Object.create( null ),
		// Mapping of sources, keyed by source-id, values are strings.
		//
		// Format:
		//
		//     {
		//         'sourceId': 'http://example.org/w/load.php'
		//     }
		//
		sources = Object.create( null ),

		// For queueModuleScript()
		handlingPendingRequests = false,
		pendingRequests = [],

		// List of modules to be loaded
		queue = [],

		/**
		 * List of callback jobs waiting for modules to be ready.
		 *
		 * Jobs are created by #enqueue() and run by #doPropagation().
		 * Typically when a job is created for a module, the job's dependencies contain
		 * both the required module and all its recursive dependencies.
		 *
		 * @example // Format:
		 * {
		 *     'dependencies': [ module names ],
		 *     'ready': Function callback
		 *     'error': Function callback
		 * }
		 *
		 * @property {Object[]} jobs
		 * @private
		 */
		jobs = [],

		// For #setAndPropagate() and #doPropagation()
		willPropagate = false,
		errorModules = [],

		/**
		 * @private
		 * @property {Array} baseModules
		 */
		baseModules = $VARS.baseModules,

		/**
		 * For #addEmbeddedCSS() and #addLink()
		 *
		 * @private
		 * @property {HTMLElement|null} marker
		 */
		marker = document.querySelector( 'meta[name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles"]' ),

		// For #addEmbeddedCSS()
		lastCssBuffer;

	/**
	 * Append an HTML element to `document.head` or before a specified node.
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {HTMLElement} el
	 * @param {Node|null} [nextNode]
	 */
	function addToHead( el, nextNode ) {
		if ( nextNode && nextNode.parentNode ) {
			nextNode.parentNode.insertBefore( el, nextNode );
		} else {
			document.head.appendChild( el );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Create a new style element and add it to the DOM.
	 * Stable for use in gadgets.
	 *
	 * @method mw.loader.addStyleTag
	 * @param {string} text CSS text
	 * @param {Node|null} [nextNode] The element where the style tag
	 *  should be inserted before
	 * @return {HTMLStyleElement} Reference to the created style element
	 */
	function newStyleTag( text, nextNode ) {
		var el = document.createElement( 'style' );
		el.appendChild( document.createTextNode( text ) );
		addToHead( el, nextNode );
		return el;
	}

	/**
	 * @private
	 * @param {Object} cssBuffer
	 */
	function flushCssBuffer( cssBuffer ) {
		// Make sure the next call to addEmbeddedCSS() starts a new buffer.
		// This must be done before we run the callbacks, as those may end up
		// queueing new chunks which would be lost otherwise (T105973).
		//
		// There can be more than one buffer in-flight (given "@import", and
		// generally due to race conditions). Only tell addEmbeddedCSS() to
		// start a new buffer if we're currently flushing the last one that it
		// started. If we're flushing an older buffer, keep the last one open.
		if ( cssBuffer === lastCssBuffer ) {
			lastCssBuffer = null;
		}
		newStyleTag( cssBuffer.cssText, marker );
		for ( var i = 0; i < cssBuffer.callbacks.length; i++ ) {
			cssBuffer.callbacks[ i ]();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Add a bit of CSS text to the current browser page.
	 *
	 * The creation and insertion of the `<style>` element is debounced for two reasons:
	 *
	 * - Performing the insertion before the next paint round via requestAnimationFrame
	 *   avoids forced or wasted style recomputations, which are expensive in browsers.
	 * - Reduce how often new stylesheets are inserted by letting additional calls to this
	 *   function accumulate into a buffer for at least one JavaScript tick. Modules are
	 *   received from the server in batches, which means there is likely going to be many
	 *   calls to this function in a row within the same tick / the same call stack.
	 *   See also T47810.
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {string} cssText CSS text to be added in a `<style>` tag.
	 * @param {Function} callback Called after the insertion has occurred.
	 */
	function addEmbeddedCSS( cssText, callback ) {
		// Start a new buffer if one of the following is true:
		// - We've never started a buffer before, this will be our first.
		// - The last buffer we created was flushed meanwhile, so start a new one.
		// - The next CSS chunk syntactically needs to be at the start of a stylesheet (T37562).
		if ( !lastCssBuffer || cssText.startsWith( '@import' ) ) {
			lastCssBuffer = {
				cssText: '',
				callbacks: []
			};
			requestAnimationFrame( flushCssBuffer.bind( null, lastCssBuffer ) );
		}

		// Linebreak for somewhat distinguishable sections
		lastCssBuffer.cssText += '\n' + cssText;
		lastCssBuffer.callbacks.push( callback );
	}

	/**
	 * See also `ResourceLoader.php#makeVersionQuery` on the server.
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {string[]} modules List of module names
	 * @return {string} Hash of concatenated version hashes.
	 */
	function getCombinedVersion( modules ) {
		var hashes = modules.reduce( function ( result, module ) {
			return result + registry[ module ].version;
		}, '' );
		return fnv132( hashes );
	}

	/**
	 * Determine whether all dependencies are in state 'ready', which means we may
	 * execute the module or job now.
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {string[]} modules Names of modules to be checked
	 * @return {boolean} True if all modules are in state 'ready', false otherwise
	 */
	function allReady( modules ) {
		for ( var i = 0; i < modules.length; i++ ) {
			if ( mw.loader.getState( modules[ i ] ) !== 'ready' ) {
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Determine whether all direct and base dependencies are in state 'ready'
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {string} module Name of the module to be checked
	 * @return {boolean} True if all direct/base dependencies are in state 'ready'; false otherwise
	 */
	function allWithImplicitReady( module ) {
		return allReady( registry[ module ].dependencies ) &&
			( baseModules.includes( module ) || allReady( baseModules ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Determine whether all dependencies are in state 'ready', which means we may
	 * execute the module or job now.
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {string[]} modules Names of modules to be checked
	 * @return {boolean|string} False if no modules are in state 'error' or 'missing';
	 *  failed module otherwise
	 */
	function anyFailed( modules ) {
		for ( var i = 0; i < modules.length; i++ ) {
			var state = mw.loader.getState( modules[ i ] );
			if ( state === 'error' || state === 'missing' ) {
				return modules[ i ];
			}
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Handle propagation of module state changes and reactions to them.
	 *
	 * - When a module reaches a failure state, this should be propagated to
	 *   modules that depend on the failed module.
	 * - When a module reaches a final state, pending job callbacks for the
	 *   module from mw.loader.using() should be called.
	 * - When a module reaches the 'ready' state from #execute(), consider
	 *   executing dependent modules now having their dependencies satisfied.
	 * - When a module reaches the 'loaded' state from mw.loader.impl,
	 *   consider executing it, if it has no unsatisfied dependencies.
	 *
	 * @private
	 */
	function doPropagation() {
		var didPropagate = true;
		var module;

		// Keep going until the last iteration performed no actions.
		while ( didPropagate ) {
			didPropagate = false;

			// Stage 1: Propagate failures
			while ( errorModules.length ) {
				var errorModule = errorModules.shift(),
					baseModuleError = baseModules.includes( errorModule );
				for ( module in registry ) {
					if ( registry[ module ].state !== 'error' && registry[ module ].state !== 'missing' ) {
						if ( baseModuleError && !baseModules.includes( module ) ) {
							// Propate error from base module to all regular (non-base) modules
							registry[ module ].state = 'error';
							didPropagate = true;
						} else if ( registry[ module ].dependencies.includes( errorModule ) ) {
							// Propagate error from dependency to depending module
							registry[ module ].state = 'error';
							// .. and propagate it further
							errorModules.push( module );
							didPropagate = true;
						}
					}
				}
			}

			// Stage 2: Execute 'loaded' modules with no unsatisfied dependencies
			for ( module in registry ) {
				if ( registry[ module ].state === 'loaded' && allWithImplicitReady( module ) ) {
					// Recursively execute all dependent modules that were already loaded
					// (waiting for execution) and no longer have unsatisfied dependencies.
					// Base modules may have dependencies amongst eachother to ensure correct
					// execution order. Regular modules wait for all base modules.
					execute( module );
					didPropagate = true;
				}
			}

			// Stage 3: Invoke job callbacks that are no longer blocked
			for ( var i = 0; i < jobs.length; i++ ) {
				var job = jobs[ i ];
				var failed = anyFailed( job.dependencies );
				if ( failed !== false || allReady( job.dependencies ) ) {
					jobs.splice( i, 1 );
					i -= 1;
					try {
						if ( failed !== false && job.error ) {
							job.error( new Error( 'Failed dependency: ' + failed ), job.dependencies );
						} else if ( failed === false && job.ready ) {
							job.ready();
						}
					} catch ( e ) {
						// A user-defined callback raised an exception.
						// Swallow it to protect our state machine!
						mw.trackError( {
							exception: e,
							source: 'load-callback'
						} );
					}
					didPropagate = true;
				}
			}
		}

		willPropagate = false;
	}

	/**
	 * Update a module's state in the registry and make sure any necessary
	 * propagation will occur, by adding a (debounced) call to doPropagation().
	 * See #doPropagation for more about propagation.
	 * See #registry for more about how states are used.
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {string} module
	 * @param {string} state
	 */
	function setAndPropagate( module, state ) {
		registry[ module ].state = state;
		if ( state === 'ready' ) {
			// Queue to later be synced to the local module store.
			store.add( module );
		} else if ( state === 'error' || state === 'missing' ) {
			errorModules.push( module );
		} else if ( state !== 'loaded' ) {
			// We only have something to do in doPropagation for the
			// 'loaded', 'ready', 'error', and 'missing' states.
			// Avoid scheduling and propagation cost for frequent and short-lived
			// transition states, such as 'loading' and 'executing'.
			return;
		}
		if ( willPropagate ) {
			// Already scheduled, or, we're already in a doPropagation stack.
			return;
		}
		willPropagate = true;
		// Yield for two reasons:
		// * Allow successive calls to mw.loader.impl() from the same
		//   load.php response, or from the same asyncEval() to be in the
		//   propagation batch.
		// * Allow the browser to breathe between the reception of
		//   module source code and the execution of it.
		//
		// Use a high priority because the user may be waiting for interactions
		// to start being possible. But, first provide a moment (up to 'timeout')
		// for native input event handling (e.g. scrolling/typing/clicking).
		mw.requestIdleCallback( doPropagation, { timeout: 1 } );
	}

	/**
	 * Resolve dependencies and detect circular references.
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {string} module Name of the top-level module whose dependencies shall be
	 *  resolved and sorted.
	 * @param {Array} resolved Returns a topological sort of the given module and its
	 *  dependencies, such that later modules depend on earlier modules. The array
	 *  contains the module names. If the array contains already some module names,
	 *  this function appends its result to the pre-existing array.
	 * @param {Set} [unresolved] Used to detect loops in the dependency graph.
	 * @throws {Error} If an unknown module or a circular dependency is encountered
	 */
	function sortDependencies( module, resolved, unresolved ) {
		if ( !( module in registry ) ) {
			throw new Error( 'Unknown module: ' + module );
		}

		if ( typeof registry[ module ].skip === 'string' ) {
			// eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func
			var skip = ( new Function( registry[ module ].skip )() );
			registry[ module ].skip = !!skip;
			if ( skip ) {
				registry[ module ].dependencies = [];
				setAndPropagate( module, 'ready' );
				return;
			}
		}

		// Create unresolved if not passed in
		if ( !unresolved ) {
			unresolved = new Set();
		}

		// Track down dependencies
		var deps = registry[ module ].dependencies;
		unresolved.add( module );
		for ( var i = 0; i < deps.length; i++ ) {
			if ( !resolved.includes( deps[ i ] ) ) {
				if ( unresolved.has( deps[ i ] ) ) {
					throw new Error(
						'Circular reference detected: ' + module + ' -> ' + deps[ i ]
					);
				}

				sortDependencies( deps[ i ], resolved, unresolved );
			}
		}

		resolved.push( module );
	}

	/**
	 * Get names of module that a module depends on, in their proper dependency order.
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {string[]} modules Array of string module names
	 * @return {Array} List of dependencies, including 'module'.
	 * @throws {Error} If an unregistered module or a dependency loop is encountered
	 */
	function resolve( modules ) {
		// Always load base modules
		var resolved = baseModules.slice();
		for ( var i = 0; i < modules.length; i++ ) {
			sortDependencies( modules[ i ], resolved );
		}
		return resolved;
	}

	/**
	 * Like #resolve(), except it will silently ignore modules that
	 * are missing or have missing dependencies.
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {string[]} modules Array of string module names
	 * @return {Array} List of dependencies.
	 */
	function resolveStubbornly( modules ) {
		// Always load base modules
		var resolved = baseModules.slice();
		for ( var i = 0; i < modules.length; i++ ) {
			var saved = resolved.slice();
			try {
				sortDependencies( modules[ i ], resolved );
			} catch ( err ) {
				resolved = saved;
				// This module is not currently known, or has invalid dependencies.
				//
				// Most likely due to a cached reference after the module was
				// removed, otherwise made redundant, or omitted from the registry
				// by the ResourceLoader "target" system.
				//
				// These errors can be common, e.g. queuing an unavailable module
				// unconditionally from the server-side is OK and should fail gracefully.
				mw.log.warn( 'Skipped unavailable module ' + modules[ i ] );

				// Do not track this error as an exception when the module:
				// - Is valid, but gracefully filtered out by target system.
				// - Was recently valid, but is still referenced in stale cache.
				//
				// Basically the only reason to track this as exception is when the error
				// was circular or invalid dependencies. What the above scenarios have in
				// common is that they don't register the module client-side.
				if ( modules[ i ] in registry ) {
					mw.trackError( {
						exception: err,
						source: 'resolve'
					} );
				}
			}
		}
		return resolved;
	}

	/**
	 * Resolve a relative file path.
	 *
	 * For example, resolveRelativePath( '../foo.js', 'resources/src/bar/bar.js' )
	 * returns 'resources/src/foo.js'.
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {string} relativePath Relative file path, starting with ./ or ../
	 * @param {string} basePath Path of the file (not directory) relativePath is relative to
	 * @return {string|null} Resolved path, or null if relativePath does not start with ./ or ../
	 */
	function resolveRelativePath( relativePath, basePath ) {

		var relParts = relativePath.match( /^((?:\.\.?\/)+)(.*)$/ );
		if ( !relParts ) {
			return null;
		}

		var baseDirParts = basePath.split( '/' );
		// basePath looks like 'foo/bar/baz.js', so baseDirParts looks like [ 'foo', 'bar, 'baz.js' ]
		// Remove the file component at the end, so that we are left with only the directory path
		baseDirParts.pop();

		var prefixes = relParts[ 1 ].split( '/' );
		// relParts[ 1 ] looks like '../../', so prefixes looks like [ '..', '..', '' ]
		// Remove the empty element at the end
		prefixes.pop();

		// For every ../ in the path prefix, remove one directory level from baseDirParts
		var prefix;
		var reachedRoot = false;
		while ( ( prefix = prefixes.pop() ) !== undefined ) {
			if ( prefix === '..' ) {
				// Once we reach the package's base dir, preserve all remaining "..".
				reachedRoot = !baseDirParts.length || reachedRoot;
				if ( !reachedRoot ) {
					baseDirParts.pop();
				} else {
					baseDirParts.push( prefix );
				}
			}
		}

		// If there's anything left of the base path, prepend it to the file path
		return ( baseDirParts.length ? baseDirParts.join( '/' ) + '/' : '' ) + relParts[ 2 ];
	}

	/**
	 * Make a require() function scoped to a package file
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {Object} moduleObj Module object from the registry
	 * @param {string} basePath Path of the file this is scoped to. Used for relative paths.
	 * @return {Function}
	 */
	function makeRequireFunction( moduleObj, basePath ) {
		return function require( moduleName ) {
			var fileName = resolveRelativePath( moduleName, basePath );
			if ( fileName === null ) {
				// Not a relative path, so it's either a module name or,
				// (if in test mode) a private file imported from another module.
				return mw.loader.require( moduleName );
			}

			if ( hasOwn.call( moduleObj.packageExports, fileName ) ) {
				// File has already been executed, return the cached result
				return moduleObj.packageExports[ fileName ];
			}

			var scriptFiles = moduleObj.script.files;
			if ( !hasOwn.call( scriptFiles, fileName ) ) {
				throw new Error( 'Cannot require undefined file ' + fileName );
			}

			var result,
				fileContent = scriptFiles[ fileName ];
			if ( typeof fileContent === 'function' ) {
				var moduleParam = { exports: {} };
				fileContent( makeRequireFunction( moduleObj, fileName ), moduleParam, moduleParam.exports );
				result = moduleParam.exports;
			} else {
				// fileContent is raw data (such as a JSON object), just pass it through
				result = fileContent;
			}
			moduleObj.packageExports[ fileName ] = result;
			return result;
		};
	}

	/**
	 * Load and execute a script.
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {string} src URL to script, will be used as the src attribute in the script tag
	 * @param {Function} [callback] Callback to run after request resolution
	 * @param {string[]} [modules] List of modules being requested, for state to be marked as error
	 * in case the script fails to load
	 * @return {HTMLElement}
	 */
	function addScript( src, callback, modules ) {
		// Use a <script> element rather than XHR. Using XHR changes the request
		// headers (potentially missing a cache hit), and reduces caching in general
		// since browsers cache XHR much less (if at all). And XHR means we retrieve
		// text, so we'd need to eval, which then messes up line numbers.
		// The drawback is that <script> does not offer progress events, feedback is
		// only given after downloading, parsing, and execution have completed.
		var script = document.createElement( 'script' );
		script.src = src;
		function onComplete() {
			if ( script.parentNode ) {
				script.parentNode.removeChild( script );
			}
			if ( callback ) {
				callback();
				callback = null;
			}
		}
		script.onload = onComplete;
		script.onerror = function () {
			onComplete();
			if ( modules ) {
				for ( var i = 0; i < modules.length; i++ ) {
					setAndPropagate( modules[ i ], 'error' );
				}
			}
		};
		document.head.appendChild( script );
		return script;
	}

	/**
	 * Queue the loading and execution of a script for a particular module.
	 *
	 * This does for legacy debug mode what runScript() does for production.
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {string} src URL of the script
	 * @param {string} moduleName Name of currently executing module
	 * @param {Function} callback Callback to run after addScript() resolution
	 */
	function queueModuleScript( src, moduleName, callback ) {
		pendingRequests.push( function () {
			// Keep in sync with execute()/runScript().
			if ( moduleName !== 'jquery' ) {
				window.require = mw.loader.require;
				window.module = registry[ moduleName ].module;
			}
			addScript( src, function () {
				// 'module.exports' should not persist after the file is executed to
				// avoid leakage to unrelated code. 'require' should be kept, however,
				// as asynchronous access to 'require' is allowed and expected. (T144879)
				delete window.module;
				callback();
				// Start the next one (if any)
				if ( pendingRequests[ 0 ] ) {
					pendingRequests.shift()();
				} else {
					handlingPendingRequests = false;
				}
			} );
		} );
		if ( !handlingPendingRequests && pendingRequests[ 0 ] ) {
			handlingPendingRequests = true;
			pendingRequests.shift()();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Utility function for execute()
	 *
	 * @ignore
	 * @param {string} url URL
	 * @param {string} [media] Media attribute
	 * @param {Node|null} [nextNode]
	 * @return {HTMLElement}
	 */
	function addLink( url, media, nextNode ) {
		var el = document.createElement( 'link' );

		el.rel = 'stylesheet';
		if ( media ) {
			el.media = media;
		}
		// If you end up here from an IE exception "SCRIPT: Invalid property value.",
		// see #addEmbeddedCSS, T33676, T43331, and T49277 for details.
		el.href = url;

		addToHead( el, nextNode );
		return el;
	}

	/**
	 * Evaluate in the global scope.
	 *
	 * This is used by MediaWiki user scripts, where it is (for example)
	 * important that `var` makes a global variable.
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {string} code JavaScript code
	 */
	function globalEval( code ) {
		var script = document.createElement( 'script' );
		script.text = code;
		document.head.appendChild( script );
		script.parentNode.removeChild( script );
	}

	/**
	 * Evaluate JS code using indirect eval().
	 *
	 * This is used by mw.loader.store. It is important that we protect the
	 * integrity of mw.loader's private variables (from accidental clashes
	 * or re-assignment), which means we can't use regular `eval()`.
	 *
	 * Optimization: This exists separately from globalEval(), because that
	 * involves slow DOM overhead.
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {string} code JavaScript code
	 */
	function indirectEval( code ) {
		// See http://perfectionkills.com/global-eval-what-are-the-options/
		// for an explanation of this syntax.
		// eslint-disable-next-line no-eval
		( 1, eval )( code );
	}

	/**
	 * Add one or more modules to the module load queue.
	 *
	 * See also #work().
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {string[]} dependencies Array of module names in the registry
	 * @param {Function} [ready] Callback to execute when all dependencies are ready
	 * @param {Function} [error] Callback to execute when any dependency fails
	 */
	function enqueue( dependencies, ready, error ) {
		if ( allReady( dependencies ) ) {
			// Run ready immediately
			if ( ready ) {
				ready();
			}
			return;
		}

		var failed = anyFailed( dependencies );
		if ( failed !== false ) {
			if ( error ) {
				// Execute error immediately if any dependencies have errors
				error(
					new Error( 'Dependency ' + failed + ' failed to load' ),
					dependencies
				);
			}
			return;
		}

		// Not all dependencies are ready, add to the load queue...

		// Add ready and error callbacks if they were given
		if ( ready || error ) {
			jobs.push( {
				// Narrow down the list to modules that are worth waiting for
				dependencies: dependencies.filter( function ( module ) {
					var state = registry[ module ].state;
					return state === 'registered' || state === 'loaded' || state === 'loading' || state === 'executing';
				} ),
				ready: ready,
				error: error
			} );
		}

		dependencies.forEach( function ( module ) {
			// Only queue modules that are still in the initial 'registered' state
			// (e.g. not ones already loading or loaded etc.).
			if ( registry[ module ].state === 'registered' && !queue.includes( module ) ) {
				queue.push( module );
			}
		} );

		mw.loader.work();
	}

	/**
	 * Executes a loaded module, making it ready to use
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {string} module Module name to execute
	 */
	function execute( module ) {
		if ( registry[ module ].state !== 'loaded' ) {
			throw new Error( 'Module in state "' + registry[ module ].state + '" may not execute: ' + module );
		}

		registry[ module ].state = 'executing';
		$CODE.profileExecuteStart();

		var runScript = function () {
			$CODE.profileScriptStart();
			var script = registry[ module ].script;
			var markModuleReady = function () {
				$CODE.profileScriptEnd();
				setAndPropagate( module, 'ready' );
			};
			var nestedAddScript = function ( arr, offset ) {
				// Recursively call queueModuleScript() in its own callback
				// for each element of arr.
				if ( offset >= arr.length ) {
					// We're at the end of the array
					markModuleReady();
					return;
				}

				queueModuleScript( arr[ offset ], module, function () {
					nestedAddScript( arr, offset + 1 );
				} );
			};

			try {
				if ( Array.isArray( script ) ) {
					nestedAddScript( script, 0 );
				} else if ( typeof script === 'function' ) {
					// Keep in sync with queueModuleScript() for debug mode
					if ( module === 'jquery' ) {
						// This is a special case for when 'jquery' itself is being loaded.
						// - The standard jquery.js distribution does not set `window.jQuery`
						//   in CommonJS-compatible environments (Node.js, AMD, RequireJS, etc.).
						// - MediaWiki's 'jquery' module also bundles jquery.migrate.js, which
						//   in a CommonJS-compatible environment, will use require('jquery'),
						//   but that can't work when we're still inside that module.
						script();
					} else {
						// Pass jQuery twice so that the signature of the closure which wraps
						// the script can bind both '$' and 'jQuery'.
						script( window.$, window.$, mw.loader.require, registry[ module ].module );
					}
					markModuleReady();
				} else if ( typeof script === 'object' && script !== null ) {
					var mainScript = script.files[ script.main ];
					if ( typeof mainScript !== 'function' ) {
						throw new Error( 'Main file in module ' + module + ' must be a function' );
					}
					// jQuery parameters are not passed for multi-file modules
					mainScript(
						makeRequireFunction( registry[ module ], script.main ),
						registry[ module ].module,
						registry[ module ].module.exports
					);
					markModuleReady();
				} else if ( typeof script === 'string' ) {
					// Site and user modules are legacy scripts that run in the global scope.
					// This is transported as a string instead of a function to avoid needing
					// to use string manipulation to undo the function wrapper.
					globalEval( script );
					markModuleReady();

				} else {
					// Module without script
					markModuleReady();
				}
			} catch ( e ) {
				// Use mw.trackError instead of mw.log because these errors are common in production mode
				// (e.g. undefined variable), and mw.log is only enabled in debug mode.
				setAndPropagate( module, 'error' );
				$CODE.profileScriptEnd();
				mw.trackError( {
					exception: e,
					module: module,
					source: 'module-execute'
				} );
			}
		};

		// Emit deprecation warnings
		if ( registry[ module ].deprecationWarning ) {
			mw.log.warn( registry[ module ].deprecationWarning );
		}

		// Add localizations to message system
		if ( registry[ module ].messages ) {
			mw.messages.set( registry[ module ].messages );
		}

		// Initialise templates
		if ( registry[ module ].templates ) {
			mw.templates.set( module, registry[ module ].templates );
		}

		// Adding of stylesheets is asynchronous via addEmbeddedCSS().
		// The below function uses a counting semaphore to make sure we don't call
		// runScript() until after this module's stylesheets have been inserted
		// into the DOM.
		var cssPending = 0;
		var cssHandle = function () {
			// Increase semaphore, when creating a callback for addEmbeddedCSS.
			cssPending++;
			return function () {
				// Decrease semaphore, when said callback is invoked.
				cssPending--;
				if ( cssPending === 0 ) {
					// Paranoia:
					// This callback is exposed to addEmbeddedCSS, which is outside the execute()
					// function and is not concerned with state-machine integrity. In turn,
					// addEmbeddedCSS() actually exposes stuff further via requestAnimationFrame.
					// If increment and decrement callbacks happen in the wrong order, or start
					// again afterwards, then this branch could be reached multiple times.
					// To protect the integrity of the state-machine, prevent that from happening
					// by making runScript() cannot be called more than once.  We store a private
					// reference when we first reach this branch, then deference the original, and
					// call our reference to it.
					var runScriptCopy = runScript;
					runScript = undefined;
					runScriptCopy();
				}
			};
		};

		// Process styles (see also mw.loader.impl)
		// * { "css": [css, ..] }
		// * { "url": { <media>: [url, ..] } }
		var style = registry[ module ].style;
		if ( style ) {
			// Array of CSS strings under key 'css'
			// { "css": [css, ..] }
			if ( 'css' in style ) {
				for ( var i = 0; i < style.css.length; i++ ) {
					addEmbeddedCSS( style.css[ i ], cssHandle() );
				}
			}

			// Plain object with array of urls under a media-type key
			// { "url": { <media>: [url, ..] } }
			if ( 'url' in style ) {
				for ( var media in style.url ) {
					var urls = style.url[ media ];
					for ( var j = 0; j < urls.length; j++ ) {
						addLink( urls[ j ], media, marker );
					}
				}
			}
		}

		// End profiling of execute()-self before we call runScript(),
		// which we want to measure separately without overlap.
		$CODE.profileExecuteEnd();

		if ( module === 'user' ) {
			// Implicit dependency on the site module. Not a real dependency because it should
			// run after 'site' regardless of whether it succeeds or fails.
			// Note: This is a simplified version of mw.loader.using(), inlined here because
			// mw.loader.using() is part of mediawiki.base (depends on jQuery; T192623).
			var siteDeps;
			var siteDepErr;
			try {
				siteDeps = resolve( [ 'site' ] );
			} catch ( e ) {
				siteDepErr = e;
				runScript();
			}
			if ( !siteDepErr ) {
				enqueue( siteDeps, runScript, runScript );
			}
		} else if ( cssPending === 0 ) {
			// Regular module without styles
			runScript();
		}
		// else: runScript will get called via cssHandle()
	}

	function sortQuery( o ) {
		var sorted = {};
		var list = [];

		for ( var key in o ) {
			list.push( key );
		}
		list.sort();
		for ( var i = 0; i < list.length; i++ ) {
			sorted[ list[ i ] ] = o[ list[ i ] ];
		}
		return sorted;
	}

	/**
	 * Converts a module map of the form `{ foo: [ 'bar', 'baz' ], bar: [ 'baz, 'quux' ] }`
	 * to a query string of the form `foo.bar,baz|bar.baz,quux`.
	 *
	 * See `ResourceLoader::makePackedModulesString()` in PHP, of which this is a port.
	 * On the server, unpacking is done by `ResourceLoader::expandModuleNames()`.
	 *
	 * Note: This is only half of the logic, the other half has to be in #batchRequest(),
	 * because its implementation needs to keep track of potential string size in order
	 * to decide when to split the requests due to url size.
	 *
	 * @typedef {Object} ModuleString
	 * @property {string} str Module query string
	 * @property {Array} list List of module names in matching order
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {Object} moduleMap Module map
	 * @return {ModuleString}
	 */
	function buildModulesString( moduleMap ) {
		var str = [];
		var list = [];
		var p;

		function restore( suffix ) {
			return p + suffix;
		}

		for ( var prefix in moduleMap ) {
			p = prefix === '' ? '' : prefix + '.';
			str.push( p + moduleMap[ prefix ].join( ',' ) );
			list.push.apply( list, moduleMap[ prefix ].map( restore ) );
		}
		return {
			str: str.join( '|' ),
			list: list
		};
	}

	/**
	 * @private
	 * @param {Object} params Map of parameter names to values
	 * @return {string}
	 */
	function makeQueryString( params ) {
		// Optimisation: This is a fairly hot code path with batchRequest() loops.
		// Avoid overhead from Object.keys and Array.forEach.
		// String concatenation is faster than array pushing and joining, see
		// https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/P19931
		var str = '';
		for ( var key in params ) {
			// Parameters are separated by &, added before all parameters other than
			// the first
			str += ( str ? '&' : '' ) + encodeURIComponent( key ) + '=' +
				encodeURIComponent( params[ key ] );
		}
		return str;
	}

	/**
	 * Create network requests for a batch of modules.
	 *
	 * This is an internal method for #work(). This must not be called directly
	 * unless the modules are already registered, and no request is in progress,
	 * and the module state has already been set to `loading`.
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {string[]} batch
	 */
	function batchRequest( batch ) {
		if ( !batch.length ) {
			return;
		}

		var sourceLoadScript, currReqBase, moduleMap;

		/**
		 * Start the currently drafted request to the server.
		 *
		 * @ignore
		 */
		function doRequest() {
			// Optimisation: Inherit (Object.create), not copy ($.extend)
			var query = Object.create( currReqBase ),
				packed = buildModulesString( moduleMap );
			query.modules = packed.str;
			// The packing logic can change the effective order, even if the input was
			// sorted. As such, the call to getCombinedVersion() must use this
			// effective order to ensure that the combined version will match the hash
			// expected by the server based on combining versions from the module
			// query string in-order. (T188076)
			query.version = getCombinedVersion( packed.list );
			query = sortQuery( query );
			addScript( sourceLoadScript + '?' + makeQueryString( query ), null, packed.list );
		}

		// Always order modules alphabetically to help reduce cache
		// misses for otherwise identical content.
		batch.sort();

		// Query parameters common to all requests
		var reqBase = $VARS.reqBase;

		// Split module list by source and by group.
		var splits = Object.create( null );
		for ( var b = 0; b < batch.length; b++ ) {
			var bSource = registry[ batch[ b ] ].source;
			var bGroup = registry[ batch[ b ] ].group;
			if ( !splits[ bSource ] ) {
				splits[ bSource ] = Object.create( null );
			}
			if ( !splits[ bSource ][ bGroup ] ) {
				splits[ bSource ][ bGroup ] = [];
			}
			splits[ bSource ][ bGroup ].push( batch[ b ] );
		}

		for ( var source in splits ) {
			sourceLoadScript = sources[ source ];

			for ( var group in splits[ source ] ) {

				// Cache access to currently selected list of
				// modules for this group from this source.
				var modules = splits[ source ][ group ];

				// Query parameters common to requests for this module group
				// Optimisation: Inherit (Object.create), not copy ($.extend)
				currReqBase = Object.create( reqBase );
				// User modules require a user name in the query string.
				if ( group === $VARS.groupUser && mw.config.get( 'wgUserName' ) !== null ) {
					currReqBase.user = mw.config.get( 'wgUserName' );
				}

				// In addition to currReqBase, doRequest() will also add 'modules' and 'version'.
				// > '&modules='.length === 9
				// > '&version=12345'.length === 14
				// > 9 + 14 = 23
				var currReqBaseLength = makeQueryString( currReqBase ).length + 23;

				// We may need to split up the request to honor the query string length limit,
				// so build it piece by piece. `length` does not include the characters from
				// the request base, see below
				var length = 0;
				moduleMap = Object.create( null ); // { prefix: [ suffixes ] }

				for ( var i = 0; i < modules.length; i++ ) {
					// Determine how many bytes this module would add to the query string
					var lastDotIndex = modules[ i ].lastIndexOf( '.' ),
						prefix = modules[ i ].slice( 0, Math.max( 0, lastDotIndex ) ),
						suffix = modules[ i ].slice( lastDotIndex + 1 ),
						bytesAdded = moduleMap[ prefix ] ?
							suffix.length + 3 : // '%2C'.length == 3
							modules[ i ].length + 3; // '%7C'.length == 3

					// If the url would become too long, create a new one, but don't create empty requests.
					// The value of `length` only reflects the request-specific bytes relating to the
					// accumulated entries in moduleMap so far. It does not include the base length,
					// which we account for separately with `currReqBaseLength` so that length is 0
					// when moduleMap is empty.
					if ( length && length + currReqBaseLength + bytesAdded > mw.loader.maxQueryLength ) {
						// Dispatch what we've got...
						doRequest();
						// .. and start preparing a new request.
						length = 0;
						moduleMap = Object.create( null );
					}
					if ( !moduleMap[ prefix ] ) {
						moduleMap[ prefix ] = [];
					}
					length += bytesAdded;
					moduleMap[ prefix ].push( suffix );
				}
				// Optimization: Skip `length` check.
				// moduleMap will contain at least one module here. The loop above leaves the last module
				// undispatched (and maybe some before it), so for moduleMap to be empty here, there must
				// have been no modules to iterate in the current group to start with, but we only create
				// a group in `splits` when the first module in the group is seen, so there are always
				// modules in the group when this code is reached.
				doRequest();
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @private
	 * @param {string[]} implementations Array containing pieces of JavaScript code in the
	 *  form of calls to mw.loader#impl().
	 * @param {Function} cb Callback in case of failure
	 * @param {Error} cb.err
	 * @param {number} [offset] Integer offset into implementations to start at
	 */
	function asyncEval( implementations, cb, offset ) {
		if ( !implementations.length ) {
			return;
		}
		offset = offset || 0;
		mw.requestIdleCallback( function ( deadline ) {
			asyncEvalTask( deadline, implementations, cb, offset );
		} );
	}

	/**
	 * Idle callback for asyncEval
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {IdleDeadline} deadline
	 * @param {string[]} implementations
	 * @param {Function} cb
	 * @param {Error} cb.err
	 * @param {number} offset
	 */
	function asyncEvalTask( deadline, implementations, cb, offset ) {
		for ( var i = offset; i < implementations.length; i++ ) {
			if ( deadline.timeRemaining() <= 0 ) {
				asyncEval( implementations, cb, i );
				return;
			}
			try {
				indirectEval( implementations[ i ] );
			} catch ( err ) {
				cb( err );
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Make a versioned key for a specific module.
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @param {string} module Module name
	 * @return {string|null} Module key in format '`[name]@[version]`',
	 *  or null if the module does not exist
	 */
	function getModuleKey( module ) {
		return module in registry ? ( module + '@' + registry[ module ].version ) : null;
	}

	/**
	 * @private
	 * @param {string} key Module name or '`[name]@[version]`'
	 * @return {Object}
	 */
	function splitModuleKey( key ) {
		// Module names may contain '@' but version strings may not, so the last '@' is the delimiter
		var index = key.lastIndexOf( '@' );
		// If the key doesn't contain '@' or starts with it, the whole thing is the module name
		if ( index === -1 || index === 0 ) {
			return {
				name: key,
				version: ''
			};
		}
		return {
			name: key.slice( 0, index ),
			version: key.slice( index + 1 )
		};
	}

	/**
	 * @private
	 * @param {string} module
	 * @param {string} [version]
	 * @param {string[]} [dependencies]
	 * @param {string} [group]
	 * @param {string} [source]
	 * @param {string} [skip]
	 */
	function registerOne( module, version, dependencies, group, source, skip ) {
		if ( module in registry ) {
			throw new Error( 'module already registered: ' + module );
		}

		registry[ module ] = {
			// Exposed to execute() for mw.loader.impl() closures.
			// Import happens via require().
			module: {
				exports: {}
			},
			// module.export objects for each package file inside this module
			packageExports: {},
			version: version || '',
			dependencies: dependencies || [],
			group: typeof group === 'undefined' ? null : group,
			source: typeof source === 'string' ? source : 'local',
			state: 'registered',
			skip: typeof skip === 'string' ? skip : null
		};
	}

	/* Public Members */

	mw.loader = {
		/**
		 * The module registry is exposed as an aid for debugging and inspecting page
		 * state; it is not a public interface for modifying the registry.
		 *
		 * @see #registry
		 * @property {Object}
		 * @private
		 */
		moduleRegistry: registry,

		/**
		 * Exposed for testing and debugging only.
		 *
		 * @see #batchRequest
		 * @property {number}
		 * @private
		 */
		maxQueryLength: $VARS.maxQueryLength,

		addStyleTag: newStyleTag,

		// Exposed for internal use only. Documented as @private.
		addScriptTag: addScript,
		// Exposed for internal use only. Documented as @private.
		addLinkTag: addLink,

		// Exposed for internal use only. Documented as @private.
		enqueue: enqueue,

		// Exposed for internal use only. Documented as @private.
		resolve: resolve,

		/**
		 * Start loading of all queued module dependencies.
		 *
		 * @private
		 */
		work: function () {
			store.init();

			var q = queue.length,
				storedImplementations = [],
				storedNames = [],
				requestNames = [],
				batch = new Set();

			// Iterate the list of requested modules, and do one of three things:
			// - 1) Nothing (if already loaded or being loaded).
			// - 2) Eval the cached implementation from the module store.
			// - 3) Request from network.
			while ( q-- ) {
				var module = queue[ q ];
				// Only consider modules which are the initial 'registered' state,
				// and ignore duplicates
				if ( mw.loader.getState( module ) === 'registered' &&
					!batch.has( module )
				) {
					// Progress the state machine
					registry[ module ].state = 'loading';
					batch.add( module );

					var implementation = store.get( module );
					if ( implementation ) {
						// Module store enabled and contains this module/version
						storedImplementations.push( implementation );
						storedNames.push( module );
					} else {
						// Module store disabled or doesn't have this module/version
						requestNames.push( module );
					}
				}
			}

			// Now that the queue has been processed into a batch, clear the queue.
			// This MUST happen before we initiate any eval or network request. Otherwise,
			// it is possible for a cached script to instantly trigger the same work queue
			// again; all before we've cleared it causing each request to include modules
			// which are already loaded.
			queue = [];

			asyncEval( storedImplementations, function ( err ) {
				// Not good, the cached mw.loader.impl calls failed! This should
				// never happen, barring ResourceLoader bugs, browser bugs and PEBKACs.
				// Depending on how corrupt the string is, it is likely that some
				// modules' impl() succeeded while the ones after the error will
				// never run and leave their modules in the 'loading' state forever.
				store.stats.failed++;

				// Since this is an error not caused by an individual module but by
				// something that infected the implement call itself, don't take any
				// risks and clear everything in this cache.
				store.clear();

				mw.trackError( {
					exception: err,
					source: 'store-eval'
				} );
				// For any failed ones, fallback to requesting from network
				var failed = storedNames.filter( function ( name ) {
					return registry[ name ].state === 'loading';
				} );
				batchRequest( failed );
			} );

			batchRequest( requestNames );
		},

		/**
		 * Register a source.
		 *
		 * The #work() method will use this information to split up requests by source.
		 *
		 * @example
		 * mw.loader.addSource( { mediawikiwiki: 'https://www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php' } );
		 *
		 * @private
		 * @param {Object} ids An object mapping ids to load.php end point urls
		 * @throws {Error} If source id is already registered
		 */
		addSource: function ( ids ) {
			for ( var id in ids ) {
				if ( id in sources ) {
					throw new Error( 'source already registered: ' + id );
				}
				sources[ id ] = ids[ id ];
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Register a module, letting the system know about it and its properties.
		 *
		 * The startup module calls this method.
		 *
		 * When using multiple module registration by passing an array, dependencies that
		 * are specified as references to modules within the array will be resolved before
		 * the modules are registered.
		 *
		 * @param {string|Array} modules Module name or array of arrays, each containing
		 *  a list of arguments compatible with this method
		 * @param {string} [version] Module version hash (falls backs to empty string)
		 * @param {string[]} [dependencies] Array of module names on which this module depends.
		 * @param {string} [group=null] Group which the module is in
		 * @param {string} [source='local'] Name of the source
		 * @param {string} [skip=null] Script body of the skip function
		 * @private
		 */
		register: function ( modules ) {
			if ( typeof modules !== 'object' ) {
				registerOne.apply( null, arguments );
				return;
			}
			// Need to resolve indexed dependencies:
			// ResourceLoader uses an optimisation to save space which replaces module
			// names in dependency lists with the index of that module within the
			// array of module registration data if it exists. The benefit is a significant
			// reduction in the data size of the startup module. This loop changes
			// those dependency lists back to arrays of strings.
			function resolveIndex( dep ) {
				return typeof dep === 'number' ? modules[ dep ][ 0 ] : dep;
			}

			for ( var i = 0; i < modules.length; i++ ) {
				var deps = modules[ i ][ 2 ];
				if ( deps ) {
					for ( var j = 0; j < deps.length; j++ ) {
						deps[ j ] = resolveIndex( deps[ j ] );
					}
				}
				// Optimisation: Up to 55% faster.
				// Typically register() is called exactly once on a page, and with a batch.
				// See <https://gist.github.com/Krinkle/f06fdb3de62824c6c16f02a0e6ce0e66>
				// Benchmarks taught us that the code for adding an object to `registry`
				// should be in a function that has only one signature and does no arguments
				// manipulation.
				// JS semantics make it hard to optimise recursion to a different
				// signature of itself, hence we moved this out.
				registerOne.apply( null, modules[ i ] );
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Implement a module given the components of the module.
		 *
		 * See #impl for a full description of the parameters.
		 *
		 * Prior to MW 1.41, this was used internally, but now it is only kept
		 * for backwards compatibility.
		 *
		 * Does not support mw.loader.store caching.
		 *
		 * @param {string} module
		 * @param {Function|Array|string|Object} [script]
		 * @param {Object} [style]
		 * @param {Object} [messages] List of key/value pairs to be added to mw#messages.
		 * @param {Object} [templates] List of key/value pairs to be added to mw#templates.
		 * @param {string|null} [deprecationWarning] Deprecation warning if any
		 * @private
		 */
		implement: function ( module, script, style, messages, templates, deprecationWarning ) {
			var split = splitModuleKey( module ),
				name = split.name,
				version = split.version;

			// Automatically register module
			if ( !( name in registry ) ) {
				mw.loader.register( name );
			}
			// Check for duplicate implementation
			if ( registry[ name ].script !== undefined ) {
				throw new Error( 'module already implemented: ' + name );
			}
			registry[ name ].version = version;
			registry[ name ].declarator = null; // not supported
			registry[ name ].script = script;
			registry[ name ].style = style;
			registry[ name ].messages = messages;
			registry[ name ].templates = templates;
			registry[ name ].deprecationWarning = deprecationWarning;
			// The module may already have been marked as erroneous
			if ( registry[ name ].state !== 'error' && registry[ name ].state !== 'missing' ) {
				setAndPropagate( name, 'loaded' );
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Implement a module given a function which returns the components of the module
		 *
		 * @param {Function} declarator
		 *
		 * The declarator should return an array with the following keys:
		 *
		 *  - 0. {string} module Name of module and current module version. Formatted
		 *    as '`[name]@[version]`". This version should match the requested version
		 *    (from #batchRequest and #registry). This avoids race conditions (T117587).
		 *
		 *  - 1. {Function|Array|string|Object} [script] Module code. This can be a function,
		 *    a list of URLs to load via `<script src>`, a string for `globalEval()`, or an
		 *    object like {"files": {"foo.js":function, "bar.js": function, ...}, "main": "foo.js"}.
		 *    If an object is provided, the main file will be executed immediately, and the other
		 *    files will only be executed if loaded via require(). If a function or string is
		 *    provided, it will be executed/evaluated immediately. If an array is provided, all
		 *    URLs in the array will be loaded immediately, and executed as soon as they arrive.
		 *
		 *  - 2. {Object} [style] Should follow one of the following patterns:
		 *
		 *     { "css": [css, ..] }
		 *     { "url": { (media): [url, ..] } }
		 *
		 *    The reason css strings are not concatenated anymore is T33676. We now check
		 *    whether it's safe to extend the stylesheet.
		 *
		 *  - 3. {Object} [messages] List of key/value pairs to be added to mw#messages.
		 *  - 4. {Object} [templates] List of key/value pairs to be added to mw#templates.
		 *  - 5. {String|null} [deprecationWarning] Deprecation warning if any
		 *
		 * The declarator must not use any scope variables, since it will be serialized with
		 * Function.prototype.toString() and later restored and executed in the global scope.
		 *
		 * The elements are all optional except the name.
		 * @private
		 */
		impl: function ( declarator ) {
			var data = declarator(),
				module = data[ 0 ],
				script = data[ 1 ] || null,
				style = data[ 2 ] || null,
				messages = data[ 3 ] || null,
				templates = data[ 4 ] || null,
				deprecationWarning = data[ 5 ] || null,
				split = splitModuleKey( module ),
				name = split.name,
				version = split.version;

			// Automatically register module
			if ( !( name in registry ) ) {
				mw.loader.register( name );
			}
			// Check for duplicate implementation
			if ( registry[ name ].script !== undefined ) {
				throw new Error( 'module already implemented: ' + name );
			}
			// Without this reset, if there is a version mismatch between the
			// requested and received module version, then mw.loader.store would
			// cache the response under the requested key. Thus poisoning the cache
			// indefinitely with a stale value. (T117587)
			registry[ name ].version = version;
			// Attach components
			registry[ name ].declarator = declarator;
			registry[ name ].script = script;
			registry[ name ].style = style;
			registry[ name ].messages = messages;
			registry[ name ].templates = templates;
			registry[ name ].deprecationWarning = deprecationWarning;
			// The module may already have been marked as erroneous
			if ( registry[ name ].state !== 'error' && registry[ name ].state !== 'missing' ) {
				setAndPropagate( name, 'loaded' );
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Load an external script or one or more modules.
		 *
		 * This method takes a list of unrelated modules. Use cases:
		 *
		 * - A web page will be composed of many different widgets. These widgets independently
		 *   queue their ResourceLoader modules (`OutputPage::addModules()`). If any of them
		 *   have problems, or are no longer known (e.g. cached HTML), the other modules
		 *   should still be loaded.
		 * - This method is used for preloading, which must not throw. Later code that
		 *   calls #using() will handle the error.
		 *
		 * @param {string|Array} modules Either the name of a module, array of modules,
		 *  or a URL of an external script or style
		 * @param {string} [type='text/javascript'] MIME type to use if calling with a URL of an
		 *  external script or style; acceptable values are "text/css" and
		 *  "text/javascript"; if no type is provided, text/javascript is assumed.
		 * @throws {Error} If type is invalid
		 */
		load: function ( modules, type ) {

			if ( typeof modules === 'string' && /^(https?:)?\/?\//.test( modules ) ) {
				// Called with a url like so:
				// - "https://example.org/x.js"
				// - "http://example.org/x.js"
				// - "//example.org/x.js"
				// - "/x.js"
				if ( type === 'text/css' ) {
					addLink( modules );
				} else if ( type === 'text/javascript' || type === undefined ) {
					addScript( modules );
				} else {
					// Unknown type
					throw new Error( 'Invalid type ' + type );
				}
			} else {
				// One or more modules
				modules = typeof modules === 'string' ? [ modules ] : modules;
				// Resolve modules into a flat list for internal queuing.
				// This also filters out unknown modules and modules with
				// unknown dependencies, allowing the rest to continue. (T36853)
				// Omit ready and error parameters, we don't have callbacks
				enqueue( resolveStubbornly( modules ) );
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Change the state of one or more modules.
		 *
		 * @param {Object} states Object of module name/state pairs
		 * @private
		 */
		state: function ( states ) {
			for ( var module in states ) {
				if ( !( module in registry ) ) {
					mw.loader.register( module );
				}
				setAndPropagate( module, states[ module ] );
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Get the state of a module.
		 *
		 * Possible states for the public API:
		 *
		 * - `registered`: The module is available for loading but not yet requested.
		 * - `loading`, `loaded`, or `executing`: The module is currently being loaded.
		 * - `ready`: The module was successfully and fully loaded.
		 * - `error`: The module or one its dependencies has failed to load, e.g. due to
		 *    uncaught error from the module's script files.
		 * - `missing`: The module was requested but is not defined according to the server.
		 *
		 * Internal mw.loader state machine:
		 *
		 * - `registered`:
		 *    The module is known to the system but not yet required.
		 *    Meta data is stored by `register()`.
		 *    Calls to that method are generated server-side by StartupModule.
		 * - `loading`:
		 *    The module was required through mw.loader (either directly or as dependency of
		 *    another module). The client will fetch module contents from mw.loader.store
		 *    or from the server. The contents should later be received by `implement()`.
		 * - `loaded`:
		 *    The module has been received by `implement()`.
		 *    Once the module has no more dependencies in-flight, the module will be executed,
		 *    controlled via `setAndPropagate()` and `doPropagation()`.
		 * - `executing`:
		 *    The module is being executed (apply messages and stylesheets, execute scripts)
		 *    by `execute()`.
		 * - `ready`:
		 *    The module has been successfully executed.
		 * - `error`:
		 *    The module (or one of its dependencies) produced an uncaught error during execution.
		 * - `missing`:
		 *    The module was registered client-side and requested, but the server denied knowledge
		 *    of the module's existence.
		 *
		 * @param {string} module Name of module
		 * @return {string|null} The state, or null if the module (or its state) is not
		 *  in the registry.
		 */
		getState: function ( module ) {
			return module in registry ? registry[ module ].state : null;
		},

		/**
		 * Get the exported value of a module.
		 *
		 * This static method is publicly exposed for debugging purposes
		 * only and must not be used in production code. In production code,
		 * please use the dynamically provided `require()` function instead.
		 *
		 * In case of lazy-loaded modules via mw.loader#using(), the returned
		 * Promise provides the function, see #using() for examples.
		 *
		 * @private
		 * @since 1.27
		 * @param {string} moduleName Module name
		 * @return {any} Exported value
		 */
		require: function ( moduleName ) {
			if ( moduleName.startsWith( './' ) || moduleName.startsWith( '../' ) ) {
				throw new Error( 'Module names cannot start with "./" or "../". Did you mean to use Package files?' );
			}

			var path;
			if ( window.QUnit ) {
				// Comply with Node specification
				// https://nodejs.org/docs/v20.1.0/api/modules.html#all-together
				//
				// > Interpret X as a combination of NAME and SUBPATH, where the NAME
				// > may have a "@scope/" prefix and the subpath begins with a slash (`/`).
				//
				// Regex inspired by Node [1], but simplified to suite our purposes
				// and split in two in order to keep the Regex Star Height under 2,
				// as per ESLint security/detect-unsafe-regex.
				//
				// These patterns match "@scope/module/dir/file.js" and "module/dir/file.js"
				// respectively. They must not match "module.name" or "@scope/module.name".
				//
				// [1] https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v20.1.0/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js#L554-L560
				var paths = moduleName.startsWith( '@' ) ?
					/^(@[^/]+\/[^/]+)\/(.*)$/.exec( moduleName ) :
					// eslint-disable-next-line no-mixed-spaces-and-tabs
					        /^([^/]+)\/(.*)$/.exec( moduleName );
				if ( paths ) {
					moduleName = paths[ 1 ];
					path = paths[ 2 ];
				}
			}

			// Only ready modules can be required
			if ( mw.loader.getState( moduleName ) !== 'ready' ) {
				// Module may've forgotten to declare a dependency
				throw new Error( 'Module "' + moduleName + '" is not loaded' );
			}

			return path ?
				makeRequireFunction( registry[ moduleName ], '' )( './' + path ) :
				registry[ moduleName ].module.exports;
		}
	};

	var hasPendingFlush = false,
		hasPendingWrites = false;

	/**
	 * Actually update the store
	 *
	 * @see #requestUpdate
	 * @private
	 */
	function flushWrites() {
		// Process queued module names, serialise their contents to the in-memory store.
		while ( store.queue.length ) {
			store.set( store.queue.shift() );
		}

		// Optimization: Don't reserialize the entire store and rewrite localStorage,
		// if no module was added or changed.
		if ( hasPendingWrites ) {
			// Remove anything from the in-memory store that came from previous page
			// loads that no longer corresponds with current module names and versions.
			store.prune();

			try {
				// Replacing the content of the module store might fail if the new
				// contents would exceed the browser's localStorage size limit. To
				// avoid clogging the browser with stale data, always remove the old
				// value before attempting to store a new one.
				localStorage.removeItem( store.key );
				localStorage.setItem( store.key, JSON.stringify( {
					items: store.items,
					vary: store.vary,
					// Store with 1e7 ms accuracy (1e4 seconds, or ~ 2.7 hours),
					// which is enough for the purpose of expiring after ~ 30 days.
					asOf: Math.ceil( Date.now() / 1e7 )
				} ) );
			} catch ( e ) {
				mw.trackError( {
					exception: e,
					source: 'store-localstorage-update'
				} );
			}
		}

		// Let the next call to requestUpdate() create a new timer.
		hasPendingFlush = hasPendingWrites = false;
	}

	// We use a local variable `store` so that its easier to access, but also need to set
	// this in mw.loader so its exported - combine the two

	/**
	 * On browsers that implement the localStorage API, the module store serves as a
	 * smart complement to the browser cache. Unlike the browser cache, the module store
	 * can slice a concatenated response from ResourceLoader into its constituent
	 * modules and cache each of them separately, using each module's versioning scheme
	 * to determine when the cache should be invalidated.
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @singleton
	 * @class mw.loader.store
	 * @ignore
	 */
	mw.loader.store = store = {
		// Whether the store is in use on this page.
		enabled: null,

		// The contents of the store, mapping '[name]@[version]' keys
		// to module implementations.
		items: {},

		// Names of modules to be stored during the next update.
		// See add() and update().
		queue: [],

		// Cache hit stats
		stats: { hits: 0, misses: 0, expired: 0, failed: 0 },

		/**
		 * The localStorage key for the entire module store. The key references
		 * $wgDBname to prevent clashes between wikis which share a common host.
		 *
		 * @property {string}
		 */
		key: $VARS.storeKey,

		/**
		 * A string containing various factors by which the module cache should vary.
		 *
		 * Defined by ResourceLoader\StartupModule::getStoreVary() in PHP.
		 *
		 * @property {string}
		 */
		vary: $VARS.storeVary,

		/**
		 * Initialize the store.
		 *
		 * Retrieves store from localStorage and (if successfully retrieved) decoding
		 * the stored JSON value to a plain object.
		 */
		init: function () {
			// Init only once per page
			if ( this.enabled === null ) {
				this.enabled = false;
				if ( $VARS.storeEnabled ) {
					this.load();
				} else {
					// Clear any previous store to free up space. (T66721)
					this.clear();
				}

			}
		},

		/**
		 * Internal helper for init(). Separated for ease of testing.
		 */
		load: function () {
			// These are the scenarios to think about:
			//
			// 1. localStorage is disallowed by the browser.
			//    This means `localStorage.getItem` throws.
			//    The store stays disabled.
			//
			// 2. localStorage did not contain our store key.
			//    This usually means the browser has a cold cache for this site,
			//    and thus localStorage.getItem returns null.
			//    The store will be enabled, and `items` starts fresh.
			//
			// 3. localStorage contains parseable data, but it's not usable.
			//    This means the data is too old, or is not valid for mw.loader.store.vary
			//    (e.g. user switched skin or language).
			//    The store will be enabled, and `items` starts fresh.
			//
			// 4. localStorage contains invalid JSON data.
			//    This means the data was corrupted, and `JSON.parse` throws.
			//    The store will be enabled, and `items` starts fresh.
			//
			// 5. localStorage contains valid and usable JSON.
			//    This means we have a warm cache from a previous visit.
			//    The store will be enabled, and `items` starts with the stored data.

			try {
				var raw = localStorage.getItem( this.key );

				// If we make it here, localStorage is enabled and available.
				// The rest of the function may fail, but that only affects what we load from
				// the cache. We'll still enable the store to allow storing new modules.
				this.enabled = true;

				// If getItem returns null, JSON.parse() will cast to string and re-parse, still null.
				var data = JSON.parse( raw );
				if ( data &&
					data.vary === this.vary &&
					data.items &&
					// Only use if it's been less than 30 days since the data was written
					// 30 days = 2,592,000 s = 2,592,000,000 ms = ± 259e7 ms
					Date.now() < ( data.asOf * 1e7 ) + 259e7
				) {
					// The data is not corrupt, matches our vary context, and has not expired.
					this.items = data.items;
				}
			} catch ( e ) {
				// Ignore error from localStorage or JSON.parse.
				// Don't print any warning (T195647).
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Retrieve a module from the store and update cache hit stats.
		 *
		 * @param {string} module Module name
		 * @return {string|boolean} Module implementation or false if unavailable
		 */
		get: function ( module ) {
			if ( this.enabled ) {
				var key = getModuleKey( module );
				if ( key in this.items ) {
					this.stats.hits++;
					return this.items[ key ];
				}

				this.stats.misses++;
			}

			return false;
		},

		/**
		 * Queue the name of a module that the next update should consider storing.
		 *
		 * @since 1.32
		 * @param {string} module Module name
		 */
		add: function ( module ) {
			if ( this.enabled ) {
				this.queue.push( module );
				this.requestUpdate();
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Add the contents of the named module to the in-memory store.
		 *
		 * This method does not guarantee that the module will be stored.
		 * Inspection of the module's meta data and size will ultimately decide that.
		 *
		 * This method is considered internal to mw.loader.store and must only
		 * be called if the store is enabled.
		 *
		 * @private
		 * @param {string} module Module name
		 */
		set: function ( module ) {
			var descriptor = registry[ module ],
				key = getModuleKey( module );

			if (
				// Already stored a copy of this exact version
				key in this.items ||
				// Module failed to load
				!descriptor ||
				descriptor.state !== 'ready' ||
				// Unversioned, private, or site-/user-specific
				!descriptor.version ||
				descriptor.group === $VARS.groupPrivate ||
				descriptor.group === $VARS.groupUser ||
				// Legacy descriptor, registered with mw.loader.implement
				!descriptor.declarator
			) {
				// Decline to store
				return;
			}

			var script = String( descriptor.declarator );
			// Modules whose serialised form exceeds 100 kB won't be stored (T66721).
			if ( script.length > 1e5 ) {
				return;
			}

			var srcParts = [
				'mw.loader.impl(',
				script,
				');\n'
			];
			if ( $VARS.sourceMapLinks ) {
				srcParts.push( '// Saved in localStorage at ', ( new Date() ).toISOString(), '\n' );
				var sourceLoadScript = sources[ descriptor.source ];
				var query = Object.create( $VARS.reqBase );
				query.modules = module;
				query.version = getCombinedVersion( [ module ] );
				query = sortQuery( query );
				srcParts.push(
					'//# sourceURL=',
					// Use absolute URL so that Firefox console stack trace links will work
					( new URL( sourceLoadScript, location ) ).href,
					'?',
					makeQueryString( query ),
					'\n'
				);

				query.sourcemap = '1';
				query = sortQuery( query );
				srcParts.push(
					'//# sourceMappingURL=',
					sourceLoadScript,
					'?',
					makeQueryString( query )
				);
			}
			this.items[ key ] = srcParts.join( '' );
			hasPendingWrites = true;
		},

		/**
		 * Iterate through the module store, removing any item that does not correspond
		 * (in name and version) to an item in the module registry.
		 */
		prune: function () {
			for ( var key in this.items ) {
				// key is in the form [name]@[version], slice to get just the name
				// to provide to getModuleKey, which will return a key in the same
				// form but with the latest version
				if ( getModuleKey( splitModuleKey( key ).name ) !== key ) {
					this.stats.expired++;
					delete this.items[ key ];
				}
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Clear the entire module store right now.
		 */
		clear: function () {
			this.items = {};
			try {
				localStorage.removeItem( this.key );
			} catch ( e ) {}
		},

		/**
		 * Request a sync of the in-memory store back to persisted localStorage.
		 *
		 * This function debounces updates. The debouncing logic should account
		 * for the following factors:
		 *
		 * - Writing to localStorage is an expensive operation that must not happen
		 *   during the critical path of initialising and executing module code.
		 *   Instead, it should happen at a later time after modules have been given
		 *   time and priority to do their thing first.
		 *
		 * - This method is called from mw.loader.store.add(), which will be called
		 *   hundreds of times on a typical page, including within the same call-stack
		 *   and eventloop-tick. This is because responses from load.php happen in
		 *   batches. As such, we want to allow all modules from the same load.php
		 *   response to be written to disk with a single flush, not many.
		 *
		 * - Repeatedly deleting and creating timers is non-trivial.
		 *
		 * - localStorage is shared by all pages from the same origin, if multiple
		 *   pages are loaded with different module sets, the possibility exists that
		 *   modules saved by one page will be clobbered by another. The impact of
		 *   this is minor, it merely causes a less efficient cache use, and the
		 *   problem would be corrected by subsequent page views.
		 *
		 * This method is considered internal to mw.loader.store and must only
		 * be called if the store is enabled.
		 *
		 * @private
		 * @method
		 */
		requestUpdate: function () {
			// On the first call to requestUpdate(), create a timer that
			// waits at least two seconds, then calls onTimeout.
			// The main purpose is to allow the current batch of load.php
			// responses to complete before we do anything. This batch can
			// trigger many hundreds of calls to requestUpdate().
			if ( !hasPendingFlush ) {
				hasPendingFlush = setTimeout(
					// Defer the actual write via requestIdleCallback
					function () {
						mw.requestIdleCallback( flushWrites );
					},
					2000
				);
			}
		}
	};
}() );
